Ubumenyi bwibanze bwamabara: Amabara meza

Gutangiza muri make amarangi akora
Nko mu binyejana birenga ijana bishize, abantu bizeye ko bazakora amarangi ashobora gukora imvano ya fibre, bityo bakanoza imyenda yo gusiga irangi.Kugeza mu 1954, Raitee na Sitefano bo muri Sosiyete ya Bnemen basanze amarangi arimo itsinda rya dichloro-s-triazine ashobora guhuza hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl yibanze kuri selile mu bihe bya alkaline Hamwe, hanyuma igasiga irangi kuri fibre, hari itsinda ryamabara adashobora gukora shiraho imiyoboro ya covalent hamwe na fibre binyuze mumiti ya reaction, izwi kandi nk'irangi ryirangi.Kugaragara kw'amabara asize byafunguye page nshya kumateka yiterambere ryamabara.

Kuva amarangi atagaragara mu 1956, iterambere ryayo ryabaye kumwanya wambere.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro ngarukamwaka w'amabara adasubirwaho ya fibre selile ya selile ku isi urenga 20% yumusaruro wumwaka wamabara yose.Irangi rifatika rirashobora gutera imbere byihuse kubera ibintu bikurikira:

1. Irangi rirashobora gukora hamwe na fibre kugirango ube umurunga wa covalent.Mubihe bisanzwe, ubwo bucuti ntibuzatandukana, iyo rero irangi ryitondewe rimaze gusiga irangi kuri fibre, rifite umuvuduko mwiza wo gusiga irangi, cyane cyane kuvura amazi.Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo gusiga irangi fibre, ntizigera ibabazwa no gucana urumuri nkamabara amwe.

2. Ifite imikorere myiza yo kuringaniza, ibara ryiza, umucyo mwiza, gukoresha neza, chromatografi yuzuye, nigiciro gito.

3. Irashobora gukorerwa cyane mubushinwa kandi irashobora guhaza byimazeyo inganda zicapa no gusiga amarangi;uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoreshwa ntibushobora gukoreshwa gusa mugusiga irangi rya selile, ariko no mugusiga irangi rya fibre proteine ​​hamwe nigitambara kivanze.

Amateka yamabara asize
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1920, Ciba yatangiye ubushakashatsi ku marangi ya cyanuric, ifite imikorere myiza kuruta amarangi yose ataziguye, cyane cyane Chloratine yihuta y'ubururu 8G.Ni ihuriro rya molekile y'imbere igizwe n'irangi ry'ubururu ririmo itsinda rya amine hamwe n'irangi ry'umuhondo hamwe n'impeta ya cyanuric mu cyatsi kibisi, ni ukuvuga ko irangi rifite atome ya chlorine idafite ishingiro, kandi mubihe bimwe na bimwe, irashobora Ikintu reaction yakoze isano ya covalent, ariko ntiyari yamenyekanye icyo gihe.

Mu 1923, Ciba yasanze irangi rya acide monochlorotriazine irangi irangi ryubwoya, rishobora kubona umuvuduko mwinshi, bityo mu 1953 rivumbura irangi ryubwoko bwa Cibalan Brill.Muri icyo gihe, mu 1952, Hearst yanabyaye Remalan, irangi ryoroshye ryubwoya bw'intama, hashingiwe ku kwiga amatsinda ya vinyl sulfone.Ariko ubu bwoko bubiri bwamabara ntabwo bwagenze neza muricyo gihe.Mu 1956, Bu Neimen yaje gukora irangi ryambere ryubucuruzi ryakozwe kumpamba, ryitwa Procion, ubu ni irangi rya dichloro-triazine.

Mu 1957, Benemen yakoze irindi bara ryitwa monochlorotriazine irangi ryitwa Procion H.

Mu 1958, Hearst Corporation yakoresheje neza amarangi ashingiye kuri vinyl sulfone yo gusiga amarangi ya selile, azwi ku izina rya Remazol.

Mu 1959, Sandoz na Cargill bakoze ku mugaragaro irindi tsinda ryirangi, ariryo trichloropyrimidine.Mu 1971, hashingiwe kuri ibyo, hashyizweho imikorere myiza y’amabara ya difluorochloropyrimidine.Mu 1966, Ciba yakoze irangi ridasubirwaho rishingiye kuri a-bromoacrylamide, rifite imikorere myiza mu gusiga ubwoya bw'intama, ryashizeho urufatiro rwo gukoresha amarangi yihuta cyane mu bwoya bw'ejo hazaza.

Mu 1972 i Baidu, Benemen yakoze irangi rifite amatsinda abiri yitabira, ari yo Procion HE, ashingiye ku irangi ryitwa monochlorotriazine.Ubu bwoko bw'irangi bwarushijeho gutera imbere mubijyanye na reaction ya fibre fibre, igipimo cyo kugorora nibindi bintu.

Mu 1976, Buneimen yakoze icyiciro cyamabara hamwe na acide fosifike nkitsinda rikora.Irashobora gukora isano ya covalent hamwe na fibre ya selile mu bihe bitari alkali, cyane cyane ikwiriye gusiga irangi ryirangi mu bwogero bumwe Icapiro rya paste imwe, izina ryubucuruzi ni Pushian T. Mu 1980, rishingiye ku irangi rya vinyl sulfone Sumifix, Sumitomo Isosiyete yUbuyapani yateje imbere vinyl sulfone na monochlorotriazine kabiri irangi ryamatsinda.

Mu 1984, Nippon Kayaku Corporation yashyizeho irangi ryitwa Kayasalon, ryongeramo aside nikotinike isimbuza impeta ya triazine.Irashobora kwifata neza hamwe na fibre ya selile mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi no mubihe bidafite aho bibogamiye, kubwibyo birakwiriye cyane cyane gusiga amarangi ya polyester / ipamba ivanze nubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi uburyo bumwe bwo gusiga amarangi yo gutatanya / gusiga amarangi.

Gusiga irangi

Imiterere y'amabara adasanzwe
Utanga amarangi adasanzwe yizera ko itandukaniro rinini riri hagati yamabara asize nubundi bwoko bwamabara ni uko molekile zabo zirimo amatsinda adashobora guhuza hamwe nitsinda rya fibre (hydroxyl, amino) binyuze mumiti yitwa reaction reaction group).Imiterere y'amabara adasanzwe arashobora kugaragazwa na formula rusange ikurikira: S － D － B － Re

Muri formula: S-amazi-eruble groupe, nka acide sulfonique;

D —— Matrix irangi;

B —— Itsinda rihuza irangi ryababyeyi nitsinda rikora;

Ongera ukore itsinda.

Muri rusange, gukoresha amarangi adasubirwaho kuri fibre yimyenda bigomba kuba byibuze byibuze bikurikira:

Amazi meza cyane, kubika neza, ntabwo byoroshye hydrolyze;

Ifite reaction nyinshi kuri fibre nigipimo kinini cyo gukosora;

Imiti ya chimique iri hagati y irangi na fibre ifite imiterere ihamye yimiti, ni ukuvuga ko isano itoroshye gucika mugihe cyo kuyikoresha;

Gukwirakwizwa neza, gusiga irangi ryiza no gusiga irangi ryiza;

Kwihuta gusiga amarangi, nk'urumuri rw'izuba, ikirere, gukaraba, gukaraba, kurwanya chlorine, nibindi byiza;

Irangi ridakozwe hamwe n'amabara ya hydrolyzed biroroshye koza nyuma yo gusiga irangi, nta kwanduza;

Irangi ni ryiza, rishobora gusiga irangi ryijimye kandi ryijimye;

Ibihe byavuzwe haruguru bifitanye isano rya bugufi nitsinda ryitondewe, ibanziriza irangi, amatsinda ashonga amazi, nibindi. Muri byo, amatsinda akora ni ishingiro ryamabara asize, agaragaza ibyiciro nyamukuru nibiranga amarangi.