urugero

Ibipimo icumi byingenzi byerekana amarangi meza

Ibipimo icumi byo gusiga irangi birimo: ibiranga irangi S, E, R, F.Kwimuka kwimuka MI agaciro, urwego rwo gusiga irangi LDF agaciro, ibintu byo gukaraba byoroshye WF agaciro, guterura imbaraga indangagaciro ya BDI agaciro / agaciro kama, agaciro kama (I / O) hamwe no gukemuka, ibipimo icumi byingenzi kumikorere nyamukuru yamabara asize nka;Gufata irangi, kuyobora, reaction, igipimo cyo gukosora, kuringaniza, kubyara, guhuza amarangi avanze no kwihuta kwamabara nubuyobozi bwingenzi.

1. Ubuyobozi

S yerekana ubwiza bwirangi kuri fibre, irangwa nigipimo cya adsorption mugihe cyamamajwe muminota 30 mbere yo kongeramo alkali.

2. Gukora neza

R yerekana reaction y irangi, irangwa nigipimo cyo gukosora nyuma yiminota 5 yo kongeramo alkali.

3. Igipimo cyo kunanirwa

E yerekana igipimo cyo kunanirwa cyo gusiga irangi, kirangwa nuburebure bwamabara yanyuma hamwe nigipimo cya dosiye.

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Gusiga irangi

Icya kane, igipimo cyo gukosora

F yerekana igipimo cyo kugena irangi, nicyo gipimo cyo kugena irangi ryapimwe nyuma yo gusiga irangi ryogejwe.Igipimo cyo gukosora buri gihe kiri munsi yikigero cyo kunanirwa.

Indangagaciro S na R zishobora gusobanura igipimo cyo gusiga irangi nigipimo cyibisubizo byamabara.Bifitanye isano no kwimura irangi no kuranga ibintu.E na F bifitanye isano no gukoresha irangi, gukaraba byoroshye no kwihuta.

5. Kwimuka

MI: MI = C / B * 100%, aho B igereranya ibara risigaye ryirangi ryimyenda irangi nyuma yikizamini cyo kwimuka, naho C ni irangi ryirangi ryimyenda yera nyuma yikizamini cyo kwimuka.Hejuru ya MI agaciro, nibyiza kuringaniza.MI agaciro karenze 90% ni irangi rifite urwego rwiza rwo gusiga irangi.

Gatandatu, guhuza

LDF: LDF = MI × S / ELDF agaciro karenze 70 yerekana irangi ryiza.

RCM.

Kugirango ugere ku ntera yambere yambere yo gutsinda, agaciro ka RCM muri rusange kagenwa murwego rukurikira, S = 70-80% muri electrolyte idafite aho ibogamiye, MI irenga 90%, LDF irenga 70%, nigihe cyo gusiga igice kinini kurenza iminota 10.

Birindwi, byoroshye gukaraba

WF: WF = 1 / S. gukuramo, bityo ntibishobora gukoreshwa nkamabara yimbitse.irangi.

8. Kuzamura imbaraga

BDI: Kuzamura ingufu zingirakamaro, bizwi kandi nko gusiga irangi agaciro.Niba ushaka kongera ubujyakuzimu, ubwinshi bwirangi bwiyongera muri rusange, ariko irangi rifite imbaraga nke zo guterura ntabwo ryiyongera mubwimbitse kuko ubwinshi bwirangi bwiyongera kurwego runaka.Uburyo bwikizamini: hashingiwe ku musaruro ugaragara wamabara yimyenda irangi yapimwe munsi ya chromaticité isanzwe (nka 2% nkibisanzwe), umusaruro ugaragara wamabara yimyenda irangi ya buri chromaticité hamwe na chromaticite isanzwe hamwe nubwinshi bwamabara Ijanisha ryibitekerezo kuri ingano y'amabara.

Icyenda, I / O.

Agaciro I / O: Abantu bita hydrophobique (non-polar) igice cyibintu kama igice cyibanze kama, naho igice cya hydrophilique (polar) cyitwa igice cyibanze kidasanzwe.Nyuma yo kongeramo indangagaciro zamatsinda atandukanye Noneho gabanya igiteranyo cyitsinda rya polar hamwe nitsinda ridafite inkingi kugirango ubone agaciro.Agaciro I / O kagereranya ikwirakwizwa ryirangi muri fibre ninzoga.Iki nacyo kimenyetso cyingenzi cyuburyo bwo guhitamo amabara atatu yibanze.

10. Gukemura

Ibyiza byo gusiga irangi, niko kwaguka kwagutse.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kunoza ibishishwa: kimwe nukwongeramo ibintu bimwe na bimwe byogejwe hamwe nuburyo bwihariye kugirango amarangi atose vuba mumazi, hanyuma unyuze muri alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acide formaldehyde ya kondensate ikwirakwiza kugirango molekile zifitanye isano n irangi zibe imwe molekile.Uburyo bwa kabiri nuguhuza isomers yamabara asize.

Turi abatanga ibintu bifatika, niba ushishikajwe nibicuruzwa byacu, nyamuneka twandikire.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-12-2020