Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamabara, Utanga amarangi atangwa mbere yambere avuga kubyerekeye amarangi adasubirwaho, amarangi akora ni irangi risanzwe kandi rikoreshwa cyane.
Ibisobanuro by'amabara meza
Irangi risanzwe: Irangi risanzwe, rizwi kandi nk'irangi ryirangi, ni ubwoko bw'irangi ryakira fibre mugihe cyo gusiga irangi.Ubu bwoko bwa molekile y'irangi burimo itsinda rishobora gukora imiti hamwe na fibre.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, irangi ryifata hamwe na fibre, rigakora isano ya covalent hagati yibi byombi igakora byose, ibyo bikaba byihutisha gukaraba no gukaraba.
Irangi ryuzuye rigizwe n irangi ryababyeyi, rihuza amatsinda nitsinda rito.Irangi ry'irangi rifite azo, anthraquinone, imiterere ya phthalocyanine, nibindi. Amatsinda akunze kugaragara cyane ni chlorine junsanzhen (X-X na K-ubwoko), vinyl sulfone sulfate (ubwoko bwa KN) hamwe nitsinda ryibiri (M-ubwoko).Irangi ryirangi ryuzuye ririmo amatsinda akora muburyo bwa chimique, ashobora kwitwara hamwe nipamba, ubwoya nizindi fibre mugisubizo cyamazi kugirango bibe ubumwe, kuburyo umwenda wuzuye irangi ufite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukaraba.
Amabara meza arashobora gushonga mumazi kandi arashobora guhuza hamwe na fibre selile.Ifite ibara ryiza, imikorere iringaniye, irashobora gupfukirana inenge zimwe, kandi ifite isabune nziza.Nyamara, amarangi menshi adashobora guhangana na chlorine kandi yunvikana acide na alkalis.Witondere kwihuta kwikirere mugihe usize amabara yoroheje.Amabara meza arashobora gusiga irangi ipamba, viscose, silk, ubwoya, nylon nizindi fibre.
Gusiga irangi
Gutondekanya amarangi
Ukurikije amatsinda atandukanye akora, amarangi akora arashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: ubwoko bwa triazene bwa simmetrike nubwoko bwa vinyl sulfone.
Ubwoko bwa simmetric triazene: Muri ubu bwoko bwirangi ryirangi, imiterere yimiti ya atome ya chlorine ikora cyane.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, atome ya chlorine isimburwa na fibre selile mumashanyarazi ya alkaline hanyuma igahinduka mumatsinda.Igisubizo hagati y irangi na fibre ya selile ni reaction ya bimolecular nucleophilique.
Ubwoko bwa Vinyl sulfone: Itsinda ryibintu bikubiye muri ubu bwoko bwirangi risa ni vinyl sulfone (D-SO2CH = CH2) cyangwa β-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate.Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, hyd-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate ikurwaho muburyo bwa alkaline kugirango ibe itsinda rya vinyl sulfone, hanyuma igahuzwa na fibre selile hanyuma ikagira reaction ya nucleophilique kugirango ihuze ubumwe.
Ubwoko bubiri bwavuzwe haruguru bwo gusiga amarangi ni amarangi yingenzi yibara hamwe nibisohoka byinshi kwisi.Mu rwego rwo kunoza igipimo cyo gutunganya amarangi adasubirwaho, amatsinda abiri yitabiriwe yinjiye muri molekile yamabara mumyaka yashize, yitwa amarangi abiri.
Irangi ryoroshye rishobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi ukurikije amatsinda yabo atandukanye:
1. Irangi ryubwoko bwa X ririmo amatsinda akora ya dichloro-s-triazine, ayo akaba ari amarangi yubushyuhe bwo hasi, akwiriye gusiga fibre selile kuri 40-50 ℃
2. Irangi ryubwoko bwa K ririmo itsinda ryitwa monochlorotriazine, niryo rangi ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru, rikwiriye gucapwa no gusiga irangi kumyenda y'ipamba.
3. Ubwoko bwa KN bwirangi burimo hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate reaction reaction, iri mubwoko bwubushyuhe bwo hagati.Ubushyuhe bwo gusiga 40-60 ℃, bubereye gusiga irangi rya pamba, gusiga irangi rikonje, hamwe no gucapa ibara ryerekana ibara;birakwiriye kandi gusiga irangi ryimyenda.
4. M-amarangi yo mu bwoko bwa M arimo amatsinda abiri atagaragara kandi ni ay'ubushyuhe bwo hagati.Ubushyuhe bwo gusiga irangi ni 60 ℃.Irakwiriye kumpamba nigitambara cyo hagati yubushyuhe bwo gusiga no gucapa.
5. Ubwoko bwa KE bwirangi burimo amatsinda abiri akora kandi ni mubwoko bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gusiga amarangi, bukwiriye gusiga irangi nigitambara.Kwihuta kw'amabara
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2020